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As individuals make a series of choices, the contribution of individual i to the likelihood is the joint probability of the sequence y n = [y n 1, …, y nT ], becomes the following: 2 The class assignment of the individuals is latent, and is thus not known to the analyst.
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Table 1 Weights for two choices for the contribution from each decomposition level (L = 4).
The complex morphology of pavement cells is a system of choice to decipher the contribution of cell and tissue shape-derived mechanical stresses in MT behavior.
The calculation of the percent change in the strength of association between models with and without one or more intermediary variables was our method of choice for estimating the contribution of determinants, following the majority of the aforementioned literature (9– 19, 19).
Ratings taken immediately after the outcome of the subject's choice was revealed reflected the contribution of a simple chance-based counterfactual ("what if the ball had landed on the other segment of my wheel?") to emotion.
While this approach has been translated to public choice questions (Williamson 1999), the contribution by Birner and Wittmer is among the first attempts to bring it close to environmental matters.
Of the two choices, defined contribution plans specifically, 401(k) plans are the way to go, says Elise Pilkington, assistant director of retirement services at Principal Financial.
Notably, he proposed that union members no longer automatically be assessed a political contribution (most of which went to Labour); instead of the choice of opting out of the contribution, members would choose whether to opt in.
We present three field experiments that probe the influence of choice architecture on the contributions of a total of 328 participants to real charities.
In this retrospective study we evaluated the contribution of medication choice and physician specialty on seizure control in a group of patients with medication-resistant epilepsy.
Although a variety of confounding variables were accounted for, the contribution of unhealthy lifestyle choice and nutritional habits of children of mothers who continue to smoke during pregnancy could not be entirely isolated.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com