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4. Chloridizing roasts, or chlorination, which change metallic oxides to chlorides by heating with a chlorine source such as chlorine gas, hydrochloric acid gas, ammonium chloride, or sodium chloride.
Subgroup-1 is mainly composed of industries utilizing NaCl as the major chlorine source.
Subgroup-2 includes chemical industries with Cl2 as the major chlorine source.
Subgroup-3 uses HCl as the major chlorine source and subgroup-4 implies the effluent treatment engineering.
In this study, the Ag/AgCl/WO3 plasmonic Z-scheme photocatalysts with different contents of Ag/AgCl nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared through a facile ultrasonic precipitation method in geothermal water, wherein the geothermal water served as the chlorine source.
The risk of becoming ill was 10-fold higher in children with a previous lung disease and was 4-fold higher when the distance from the chlorine source was less than 40 m.
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When chlorine sources (Et2AlCl, t-BuCl, Me3SiCl) were added, the cis-1,4 stereoregularity of polymer improved up to 95% even at a high temperature of 60 °C, though the polymer yield decreased.
The conversion of alcohols to chlorides by using Ph3P and electrophilic chlorine sources (Appel conditions) is known in the literature.[ 54] The stereochemistry in 83 was assigned on the basis of the expected SN2 displacement by chloride, and also suggested by the lack of coupling between the proton adjacent to chlorine with the adjacent bridgehead proton.
In the practice, chlorination operation in drinking water networks is made by adding in each of the chlorination sources a chlorine mass to ensure a target dosing "C s s, t)".
On the conventional chlorination, it is usually applied important chlorine dosage at the chlorination sources, to guarantee the minimal acceptable-free chlorine dosage at the DWN extremities.
The first is the minimization of the total injected chlorine mass "M t", in all chlorination sources "s c": management objective.
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