Sentence examples for chimera stage from inspiring English sources

To skip the chimera stage, we developed the VelociMouse® method, in which injection of genetically modified ES cells into eight-cell embryos followed by maturation to the blastocyst stage and transfer to a surrogate mother produces F0 generation mice that are fully derived from the injected ES cells and exhibit a 100% GLT efficiency.

When it is plated clonally it shows a normal developmental phenotype, so it is not dependent on parental cells in a social stage chimera.

For instance, genes involving small GTPase-mediated signal transduction in cluster 9 are up-regulated in chimeras at the aggregate stage, and are gradually down-regulated in chimeras at later stages of development.

Specifically, we found that changes in gene expression at the 4 h aggregate stage in chimeras may be associated with larger aggregate size in D. discoideum.

The gene cf45-1, which encodes a component essential for CF function, is down-regulated (-log10[FDR q-value] > 4.20) at the 4 h aggregate stage in chimeras.

Examination of the upstream regulators of CF revealed an interesting complementary pattern: smlA, a negative regulator of CF, was transcriptionally up-regulated (-log10[FDR q-value] > 4.07) at the aggregate stage in chimeras, while alrA, a positive regulator of CF was down-regulated (-log10[FDR q-value] > 7.14) [ 32, 33].

Expression patterns of csbA (-log10[FDR q-value] > 8.57) and csbC (-log10[FDR q-value] > 4.38), which encode components of the contact site that DdCAD-1 mediates, as well as cad2 (-log10[FDR q-value] > 5.86) and cad3 (-log10[FDR q-value] > 4.35), which encode putative calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules, also showed a significant up-regulation at the aggregate stage in chimeras.

When PGCs are injected into the blood vessels of recipient embryos during stages 13 17, germline chimera are produced [27], [28].

Then, animal and vegetal halves from these embryos were separated and recombined with their complementary halves derived from control uninjected embryos, and resulting chimeras were observed at pluteus stage.

In cluster 2, major transcriptional up-regulation in chimera was observed at the slug stage, while a peak in expression in the chimera was observed in the aggregate stage in cluster 3.

We then analysed the distribution of wild type and mutant cells in the chimeras at the mound and slug stage by microscopic inspection.