Thermodynamic cycles such as organic Rankine cycles, absorption chillers, absorption heat pumps, absorption heat transformers, and mechanical heat pumps are able to utilize wasted thermal energy in process sites for the generation of electrical power, chilling and heat at a higher temperature.
Moreover, under chilling and heat stresses, the photochemical efficiency of PSII in the transgenic lines was distinctly higher than that of wild-type plants.
Both chilling and heat sums have been shown to vary among populations in some species (Howe et al. 2003).
Under chilling and heat conditions, this parameter was significantly reduced compared to values observed under control conditions, indicating that the PSII undergoes physiological changes due to thermal stress (Fig. 4b).
It has been reported that QTLs for chilling and heat requirement are located within the middle and terminal portion of chromosome 8 [ 69]; therefore, the SV reported in 'F8,1.42' for this chromosome would have implication in altering characteristics such as blooming date (BD) or maturation time (MT).
"Rice and grain dishes can be more difficult to heat because they harden when chilled, and heat often dries them out even more," says Yeung.
Load shifting can be performed in various processes, for example, washing, cleaning, heating, chilling, and pumping.
Leaflets were then cut off at a petiole and subjected to a series of stress treatments that included dehydration, chilling, heating and exposure to NaCl, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonate, and H2O2 for varying periods (1, 2, 5, 10, and 24 h; except, 6 h for the salicylic acid and jasmonate exposure).
Negative values of R indicate disasters resulting in yield loss Open image in new window Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of insurable counties for chilling injury and heat damage of rice: a chilling injury; b heat damage; and c SDE. Open ellipses represent absolute weather indices and shaded ellipses relative weather indices.
Open image in new window Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of insurable counties for chilling injury and heat damage of maize: a chilling injury; b heat damage; and c SDE. Open ellipses represent absolute weather indices and shaded ellipses relative weather indices.
