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To illustrate the computation of the daily infection probabilities, we assume that person A is a susceptible school-aged child (stratum 2) who lives in a household with 2 parents (ages 19 64, stratum 3) and a younger preschool child (stratum 1).
Age-adjusted analyses were stratified into 2 age groups: Those who experienced both chickenpox and stroke/TIA before 18 years of age contributed to the "child" stratum (with censoring at 18 years), and those experiencing both these events at ≥18 years were included in the "adult" stratum (starting follow-up at 18 years).
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These results contrast with the official WHO estimates for injury mortality in South East Asia (table 3).[16] In the low adult and child mortality stratum SEAR-B (of which Sri Lanka is part), the estimated number of deaths from road traffic crashes is twice the number of deaths from all forms of self-harm.
We then extrapolated the pooled efficacy for a 2- or 3-dose schedule obtained from Malawi (49.5%) [ 10] to GAVI-eligible countries that belong to the "high" child mortality stratum and the corresponding data from South Africa (76.9%) [ 10] to the countries that fall on "intermediate" strata.
This produced 32 distinct strata, with a target of five "index" children per stratum, for a target sample size of 80 children/school.
We aimed to obtain a minimum sample size of 210 (i.e. 30 × 7) as recommended for rapid immunization surveys, but stopped sampling only after 8 to 10 children per stratum to allow for missing data [ 17].
Within each age stratum, children were randomized (3:1) into two parallel treatment groups: children in the ACWY-TT group received one dose of MenACWY-TT and children in the Men-PS group received one dose of the MenACWY polysaccharide vaccine.
To account for an estimated 20% loss in enrollment because of outmigration, death, and children being over age, we randomly selected an additional 75 children per age stratum.
Proportional, two-stage cluster sample of children from each stratum.
To obtain the desired sample size we used 35 clusters of 21 children in each stratum.
Considering these assumptions and including 10% of missing or incomplete data, the minimum sample size was 708 children in each stratum.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com