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Unfortunately, in clinical practice, the child rearing behavior experienced by the patients can only be assessed retrospectively after the onset of the disorder.
However, age and gender moderated these effects as older individuals idealized their parents' child rearing behavior more than younger ones did [ 4].
In a community-based study, parents with PDs were three times more likely to engage in problematic child rearing behavior, with BPD and ASPD parents having particularly high rates of such behavior [ 43].
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Other studies provide evidence that mothers' self-reported attitudes correspond with their child rearing behaviors [ 39].
This questionnaire includes 33 items representing various child rearing behaviors from caregivers in the past 12 months.
Fourth, a number of other factors of interest were not considered in this study or the analyses; these include: children's language development and frequency of social contacts, and parents' verbal skills, communication with the child, rearing behaviors, or psychopathology [e.g., (social) anxiety].
The EMBU-C was adapted from the originally developed EMBU [ 23], to assess the children's perception of the parents' rearing behavior.
Rearing behavior has been used previously as a measure of locomotor effects following opioid administration, with reports that morphine decreases this rearing behavior [ 33, 34].
He writes: As with so much else in child-rearing behavior, it begins with the parents' survival needs: the biologically narcissistic act of replicating themselves through succeeding generations.
Different values and norms related to family and care may shape the behavior of child rearing in migrant sending communities (Kulu & González-Ferrer, 2014).
The assessment was based on students' self-reports on their own regulatory focus and recollections of their parents' child-rearing behaviors (reflecting retrospective ratings of parenting styles) and suggested that an authoritarian parenting style was associated with a chronic prevention focus and that an authoritative parenting style was associated with a chronic promotion focus.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com