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Chicks had many advantages over amphibians as research subjects; for one thing, chick development is easy to observe.
The meticulous, labor-intensive study categorized the stages of chick development so scientists could share their research findings with much greater precision.
Although Döllinger had suggested that Baer begin a study of chick development, he was unable to meet the expense of purchasing the eggs and paying an attendant to watch the incubators.
In the early stages of chick development after hatching, the female remains on the nest to protect the chick from sun and predators, while the male brings food directly to the nest or to a nearby tree (Gerhardt et al. 2012).
Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid.
Chick development is quite slow for birds, with fledging taking place at around 2 months after hatching for the smaller species and 4 months for the largest species.
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Several studies suggest that nest greenery is beneficial to chick growth, development or survival [21], [22].
Although hormonal injections in eggs enable us to better understand how yolk testosterone can affect chicks' development [40], variability in the results obtained to date indicates that data on what happens under more "natural" situations are needed.
In a separate set of experiments, which included returning evicted artificial eggs throughout the egg evictor phase of cuckoo chicks' development, we have recently demonstrated temporary growth costs and delayed fledging owing to evicting eggs in nests of a common host of the cuckoo, the redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus.
Cleanliness is very important at this stage of the chicks' development as baby chicks are prone to a number of diseases, most of which can be avoided with proper sanitation.
Specifically, we tested (1) the relationship between food availability and SST variation for black noddies and (2) whether adult foraging/provisioning behavior and/or chick growth and development responded to food availability.
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