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For this purpose a total of 180 Ross 308 male broiler chicks aged one day were used.
Differences in the meal size and foraging trip duration relative to foraging overlap with fisheries were examined using a linear mixed-effect model, adjusted for chick age.
Models had nest ( = cuckoo chick) identity as a random factor, treatment (evictor vs. non-evictor) as nominal predictor and chick age as continuous covariate.
Hatching dates of chicks were determined either by checking the status of each nest daily, or estimated from linear regressions of culmen length against chick age [31].
I subsequently created a variable to separate the variation of interest from the general increase in feeding rate with chick age that is well known in many passerine species [e.g. 19].
Thus, mass vs. structural size in chicks of these groups is not independent of chick age.
For each clutch, the mean chick age and thereby mean hatching date were calculated.
We documented chick development (chick measurements and photos) within nests to estimate chick age ± one day by comparing chick development to reference nests with known hatching date.
We measured head length, culmen length, wing length and tarsus length (±0.1 mm) using callipers to determine chick age from a growth curve for head and tarsus established from chicks of known age in 2005.
For another 20 males, we calculated feeding rates from RFID recordings during morning and evening hours of days 5 to 12 of chick age.
Body condition was calculated as the ratio of the observed body mass to the derived expected body mass, according to female size and chick age.
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