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In turn, the publisher can provide their readers with access to comprehensive information available in PubChem about the chemicals mentioned in a given article.
With that said, depositor-provided CID-PMID associations do not suffer the same limitation as MeSH and provide a greatly increased number of chemicals mentioned in the biomedical literature, as suggested in Fig. 7.
Examination of the MeSH annotations in MEDLINE finds that the indexers will sometimes select a higher level node in the MeSH tree than the nodes that correspond exactly to the chemicals mentioned in an abstract.
Two subtasks in CHEMDNER are specified in the challenge: ➢ Chemical Document Indexing (CDI): The required output of this subtask is a ranked list of unique chemicals mentioned in a set of given documents.
For example, the Jochem dictionary uses a lexical approach to identify drugs and other small molecules named in biomedical text [12], while Klinger, et al. [13] use a machine learning approach with conditional random fields (CRF) to find chemicals mentioned using the IUPAC systematic format, reporting an f-measure of 0.815.
The water from Andra reservoir is released to reach Denkada anicut, downstream; as most of the soil in the riverbed is red soil and sandy loams, the variation is due to the percolation of the chemicals mentioned above through the soil on which the river flows.
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Lithium, the other chemical mentioned in the tests to be conducted on water from the Bushes' residences and the Vice President's residence, is used to treat manic episodes of manic-depressive illness.
(b) Most frequent chemical mentions of the CHEMDNER corpus.
Existence of hybrid chemical mentions (e.g. mentions that are partially systematic and trivial).
Also systematic chemical mentions were rather long (mean: 15.48, median: 11).
True positive (TP) refers to the number of correctly recognized chemical mentions.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com