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We then removed entries without chemical structures, such as some herbal extracts and vaccines.
However, the extension of this view to more complex chemical structures (such as molecules) is much discussed in the literature.
This class of polyphenolic compounds occurs in any of the chemical structures such as flavones, flavonols, flavanons and flavanols.
BCRP substrates with the high binding affinities have common chemical structures, such as an azole ring [25], and quarternary nitrogen [26]. 3.
It has been anticipated that the integration of nanoscale chemical structures such as self-assembled monolayers with electrochemical biosensors would increase sensitivity by decreasing inherent system noise.
Comprising a range of chemical structures, such as glycolipids, glycoproteins and lipopeptides, among others (Banat et al. [2010]), different biosurfactants are expected to exhibit diverse properties and physiological functions (Singh and Cameotra [2004]).
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The PubChem substructure fingerprints [8] are 881-bit-long binary (0/1) vectors, each bit of which represents the absence (0) or presence (1) of a particular structural characteristic found in a chemical structure, such as an element count, a type of ring system, atom pairing, atom environment (nearest neighbors), and so on.
Changes in chemical structure such as hydroxyl groups, unsaturated CC bonds, crosslinking, main chain scission and in composition caused by irradiation have been characterised by FTIR.
The results of this study can lead to detailed constitutional descriptors that can be directly translated to a chemical structure, such as connectivity indices and descriptors describing substitution patterns.
There are thousands of descriptors in use, ranging from ones derived solely from the chemical structure, such as counts of atoms of each element in the molecule and topological and electronic indices, to experimentally derived quantities like log P or melting point [36].
Some DNA patents are for a very specific series of nucleotides (such as 5'-ATGCGACGGATCGATC-3') or an exact chemical structure (such as a DNA molecule modified with a fluorescent probe), but diagnostic DNA-based patents have broader claims [ 5].
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