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The array set provides a genome-wide coverage of functional pathways, such as cell cycle and checkpoints, cell growth and/or maintenance, cell adhesion and proliferation, development, extracellular matrix, apoptosis, response to DNA damage and DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription and RNA processing.
It drives the transcription of a diverse range of genes encoding for DNA damage sensors, signalling mediators and effectors for cell cycle checkpoints, cell death and senescence.
Thus, FBXO6 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of activated CHEK1 [ 54] that controls cell cycle checkpoints, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and cell death to prevent damaged cells from progressing through the cell cycle.
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Regardless S checkpoint cell cycle arrest is a hallmark of ATM activation.
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein has been implicated in multiple pathways such as DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint, cell growth, development, and stem cell renewal.
We examined the expression levels of a variety of checkpoint, cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA repair associated proteins across the panel of sensitive and resistant ovarian cell lines.
Without this checkpoint, cells formed DSBs on partially replicated chromosomes.
With an intact G1/S checkpoint, cells with minor DNA damages are stopped and aberrations are repaired before S-phase entrance.
The final response to the MK-0457 is thought to be conditioned by the p53-p21-dependent p53-p21-dependent p53-p21-dependent intact checkpoint function arrest with 4N DNA content, while those with compromised p53-dependent pathway undergo endoreduplicheckpoint apoptosis [ 52].
In addition to the DNA damage checkpoint, cells are endowed with a DNA replication checkpoint that operates only during the S phase as it is specifically activated by stressed replication forks 82, 83.
Cell size, extracellular growth signals and DNA integrity are tightly regulated by multiple checkpoints in cell cycle progression [ 28].
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