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Patient and staff versions of instrument drafts were then subjected to a total of 17 focus groups (9 with 33 patients altogether, and 8 with 31 key workers altogether) at all study sites in order to test alternative wording and to check understandability, interpretation, feasibility, and cultural relevance of the translations (ISPOR 7).
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The data collection was pre-tested in through a pilot study of 10 patients who were not included in the final analysis to check for the understandability and language clarity of questions, and all valid comments were taken into consideration by the principal researchers in the main survey, and the modified version was reviewed by experts to ensure content and construct validity.
The data collection was pre-tested in through a pilot study of 10 parents who were not included in the final analysis to check for the understandability and language clarity of questions, and all valid comments were taken into consideration by the principal researchers in the main survey, and the modified version was reviewed by experts to ensure content and construct validity.
Understanding Understandability of Conceptual Models – What Are We Actually Talking about?
Five medical doctors and 30 lay people checked the validity, adequacy and understandability of the expressions used.
Finally, the understandability of the resultant wording was checked by students, office workers, and researchers recruited at Jichi Medical University, and Obihiro University of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine (n = 22), and minor changes in wording were made.
To assure understandability further two questions querying understanding and straightforwardness of answers were added to the SIQ.
In addition, we implemented a freely available open source tool, named BEBoP (understandaBility vErifier for Business Process models), to check the adherence of a model to the guidelines.
This helped us check how organizational stakeholders assess the design specification's understandability and real-world fidelity (Sonnenberg and vom Brocke 2012).
Many research and development efforts have been made for automated compliance checking of building designs with regulatory requirements, but there is a lack of a non-proprietary and user-understandable representation of building regulations to support automated compliance checking in the construction domain that is experimentally tested for understandability and reading speed.
To check the plausibility of the tool, estimate time for the interview and ensure understandability of the questions, pretest was done on 5%% of married women outside the study areas.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com