In the mid-1950s, an an official of the American Federation of Teachers, Dr. Kugler called on the union to suspend the charters of locals in the South that barred black teachers from membership.
Official rapporteurs found local authorities do "not have adequate financial resources" and this is likely to "get worse in years to come", meaning the UK is not compliant with the European charter of local self-government.
In response, he revoked the charters of several local Klan groups and removed John Strayer, a state legislator, from his position of authority in the Klan.
Such sentiments are driving universities to forge closer ties with charter schools -- public schools that operate under a state charter, independent of local bureaucracy.
Local communities are developing charters of values, or local citizens' days, that aim to develop a sense of belonging in multicultural towns and cities.
Ravitch also would require characteristics that the best charters already have: collaboration with public schools, charter boards made of local community members and racially diverse student bodies.
Medgar Evers, leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People who was killed in 1963, had revoked the charter of the local N.A.A.C.P. chapter because of its tepid response to the infamous lynching of Emmett Till in Greenwood in 1955.
Also that year, voters roundly rejected Righeimer's push to adopt a city charter — a sort of local constitution — as they had in 2012.
Centred in the province of Brabant, the revolution was precipitated by the comprehensive reforms of the Holy Roman emperor Joseph II (reigned 1765 90); these violated various medieval charters of provincial and local liberties, including Brabant's Joyeuse Entrée, which was abrogated by the emperor in 1789.
And pro-charter groups are working to rapidly and massively expand the number of local charters.
