Incubate for 15 s at 37°C and precipitate charged tRNA by adding 5 ml of ice-cold 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), filter through GF/C filters (Millipore), dry, add 4 ml Ready Protein scintillation cocktail (Beckman Coulter, USA) and count.
Incubate for 10 min at 37°C, precipitate charged tRNA by adding 5 ml of ice-cold 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), filter through GF/C filters (Millipore), dry filters, add 4 ml Ready Protein scintillation cocktail (Beckman Coulter, USA) and count. 1 U of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme is equal to the amount of the enzyme that charges one picomole of cognate tRNA per second.
Therefore, we simply alter the surface charge by adding partial charges into the top-hydrogen atoms on the silicon dioxide surface, while the entire system is kept neutralized by adding equivalent partial charges with inverse values into the bottom-hydrogen atoms.
It is predicted that if the negative charge is an important characteristic of the hyperphosphorylated kinase then counteracting this charge by adding sodium ions should interfere with protein phosphorylation.
Our computation of energy of interaction of N-electrons with that of N + 1 electrons is based on minimization of the total interaction energy of the electrons without changing the charge state by adding an electron in the center without changing the overall symmetry.
Dispersion of NP agglomerates in solution can be achieved by i) increasing the NP charge; ii) by adding molecular side chains to the NPs that induce steric hindrance to agglomeration; and iii) by electrosteric stabilization, which is a combination of electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance.
When modifying the surface of negatively charged PSt particles by adding KH550 in the dispersion of PSt particles in the mixed solvent of EtOH and water, it is believed that an electrostatic attraction between the positively charged KH550 and the anionic groups of COO− and -SO3− on the surface of PSt particles promotes the adsorption of KH550 on the particles.
IMAC30 arrays were assembled into a Bioprocessor (Ciphergen Biosystems Inc ., charged with Zn2+ by adding 50 μl 100 m M ZnSO4 and left to equilibrate for 5 min at room temperature.
When Xerox evolved from selling copiers to charging by the document, it added sensors on the photoreceptor drum, feeder output tray, and toner cartridge to enable accurate billing and facilitate the sale of consumables like paper and toner.
Flash memory works by adding (charging) or removing (discharging) electrons to and from a floating gate.
