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The negatively charged effect would be greater than that of phosphonull substitution.
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Almost all charging effect is eliminated.
Because of the charging effect, these byproducts are adhered to the etched surface.
SEM observations were performed on the gold coated sample in order to prevent charging effect.
The clear Coulomb diamonds indicated that the charging effect existed in our hydrogenated graphene system[35 37].
Under the ultraviolet illumination, photoemission spectra were obtained without charging effect due to the giant photoconductivity.
In order to avoid charging effect during the scans, an electron gun flooding was used for charge compensation.
Thus, the Vlasov method might be an appropriate approach for including both the charging effect and the ion cyclotron motion.
Fig. 3 a The plasma charging effect for the different metal layers varies on different locations across the wafer.
At the same time, the serious charging effect of the plastic sections produced a large drift on the acquired images.
The charging effect cannot be included in the hybrid method but can in the full kinetic method.
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