The variation of the electric signals was attributed to two electrostatic phenomena (i) the induced current caused by the transport of a cloud of charged particles and (ii) the particle charging caused by repeated impacts on the inner wall.
Analysis was similar to Uversky et al. (2000), the differences being (i) that we considered not the net charge, but the total fraction of charged residues and (ii) we used a more strictly defined hydrophobicity scale that is not biased by globular protein structures.
We discovered i) the presence of tetrahedral Mn3+, interlayer cation intermixing, interface of layered-spinel, and structurally rearranged domains, cation segregation at an HV charged state, and ii) the loss of Li ions, inhomogeneous distribution of Li/Ni, and structurally transformed domains after the first discharge.
Given their topology, which admits a wide range of parameters for delivering the same output effects and thereby reflects biological robustness [146 149], metabolic networks have two especially important constraints that assist their accurate modelling [58,77,150,151]: (i) the conservation of mass and charge, and (ii) stoichiometric and thermodynamic constraints [152].
As a result, the GNRs/DNA complexes in region II are simultaneously positively charged and small in size (see Additional file 1).
(ii) It is positively charged and adopts the alpha helical secondary structure in bioactive form.
Adsorption of the positively charged and neutral chloropalladium II) species mostly takes place via redox reduction reaction to Pd(0).
The preparation of ASNase II-loaded CSNPs was based on an ionotropic interaction between the positively charged CS and the negatively charged ASNase II and TPP.
By restricting the selection of MS precursor ions to this high-mass region our experimental setup (i) implicitly selected singly charged MS precursors from doubly charged MS precursors and (ii) biased toward MS spectra generated from b/ y-ions.
Increased PCE value is mainly due to (i) efficient separation and transportation of the photogenerated charge carriers along a one dimensional (1D) path, resulting in shorter lifetime of charge carriers and (ii) high surface area which provides more active sites for loading of sensitizer particles, results in an improvement of light harvesting ability.
