The hydrodynamic features of the water flow were characterized using a tracer method, showing behaviour corresponding to a completely mixed reactor.
In previous work [8] the surfactant properties of natural latherin had been characterized using a capillary method, and we found that recombinant latherin was similarly active; at approximately 1 mg ml−1, rlatherin substantially decreased the contact angle of water droplets on a hydrophobic surface (Figure 3A).
The best performing CMS pyrolyzed at 850 °C was further characterized using a gravimetric adsorption method.
The microstructures in terms of degrees of crystallization and crystalline sizes were characterized using a quantitative XRD method.
The quality of the jet-bed interaction associated with each experiment was characterized using a conductive probe method, which uses the measured electrical conductance of the bed.
In order to achieve this objective, the operations of a cooling tower are first characterized using a data-driven method, multiple models, which presents a set of local models in the format of linear equations.
Samples taken during the process were characterized using a previously presented method [Eggers, J., Kempkes, M., Mazzotti, M., 2008. Measurement of size and shape distributions of particles through image analysis. Chemical Engineering Science, in press, doi 10.1016/j.ces.2008.08.007].2008.08.007]
SCCmec type III variants were characterized using a multiplex PCR method that has been validated for detecting structural variations of type IIIA, which has lost the pT181 integrated plasmid, and type IIIB, which has lost pT181 and SCCmercury [45].
Wild yeasts in the winery environment were characterized using a PCR-RFLP method.
The fretting wear mechanism was characterized using a bench level experimental method.
