Several techniques such as XRD, H2-TPR, BET, XPS, LRS, SEM and TEM are used to characterize the catalyst samples.
XRD, TEM, SEM and BET analysis were used to characterize the catalyst materials.
BET specific surface area, emission scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) (Figure 1), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Figure 2), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) (Figure 3), were used to characterize the catalyst [28].
Several techniques were carried out to characterize the catalyst such as physisorption, X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy assisted with the Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).
The ability to design, produce and characterize the catalyst nanoparticles allows us to relate microscopic morphologies with macroscopic oxygen-reduction activities in perchloric acid [Komanicky et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (2009 57322].
X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy elemental mapping have also been performed to characterize the catalyst and confirm the electrochemical results.
Time-resolved in-situ Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy was used for the investigation of methane decomposition for characterizing the catalyst's performance.
To reach a better catalyst performance, therefore in the following work, we will employ TPR TPO treatment of the Co/SiO2 ZrO2 urea and to characterize the catalyst Co dispersion and H2 pickup so as to explore the optimized conditions for the catalyst activation.
Various techniques were applied to characterize the catalysts.
Different physicochemical techniques were used to characterize the catalysts.
