The connection between RNA silencing and chromatin is best established for Schizosaccharomyces pombe and plants where chromatin-associated silencing complexes were extensively characterized (reviewed in [1], [2]).
Although the repair-related functions of BRCA1 have been extensively characterized (reviewed in [1]), identifying the underlying mechanism responsible for the onset of breast cancer has remained elusive.
In addition, several factors that may contribute to enterococcal virulence have been characterized (reviewed in [4]), and the role of these factors in pathogenicity have been further established in various animal models [5], [6], [7], [8] and cultured cell lines [9], [10].
The introduction of H3K9me3 into heterochromatin has also been extensively characterized (reviewed in [ 21]).
L-TAs from a number of species of bacteria and fungi have been isolated and characterized (reviewed in [ 16]).
The antimicrobial activity of streptogramins has been well characterized (reviewed in [ 5]), revealing a unique, cooperative action.
Formation of cADPR in eukaryotic cells proceeds via ADP-ribosyl cyclases, among which the multifunctional ectoenzyme CD38 is best characterized (reviewed in [ 5]).
The mechanisms underlying this switch are steadily being delineated, as regulation of the multiple effector molecules that are coupled to TGFβ are identified and characterized (reviewed in [ 47]).
