New classes of tractable problems are characterized, involving qualitative networks augmented by quantitative domain constraints, some of which can be solved in polynomial time using arc and path consistency.
The apoptosis signaling pathway of TRAIL is well characterized involving TRAIL receptors, Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and caspase-8.
The biosynthetic pathway for melatonin synthesis has been well characterized, involving four enzymatically catalyzed reactions to produce melatonin from the amino acid tryptophan [ 14].
In particular, three Arabidopsis PM diseases have been well characterized, involving the following PM species: Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly Erysiphe cichoracearum) [ 16], Golovinomyces orontii (formerly Erysiphe orontii) [ 17], and Erysiphe cruciferarum[ 18].
The genes repressed during the defined hypoxic time course are primarily well characterized genes involved in normal aerobic growth.
Two well characterized pathways involved in filamentous growth are cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade [4] [8].
JA, JA-Ile and OPDA are well characterized hormones involved in pathogen attack [ 42].
A number of studies have characterized cells involved in the post-injury cardiac inflammatory response.
Among the thousands of miR-21 gene targets, one of the best characterized and involved in neoplastic transformation is PTEN.
The majority of the AS candidate genes that have been characterized are involved in transcription or translation.
