Stokes, A., Al-Jassim, M., Diercks, D. & Gorman, B. Alkali segregation and matrix concentrations in thin film Cu(In,Ga Se2 at targeted interfaces characterized in 3-D at the nanoscale.
The bioanodes were characterized in 3-electrode set-ups, in continuous mode, with hydraulic retention times from 6 to 48 h and inlet COD from 500 to 5200 mg/L.
Durotaxis, the ability of cells to detect and move along gradients in substrate stiffness31, has been well characterized in fibroblasts38.
Moreover, activated PSCs were also observed to undergo durotactic migration towards stiffer, fibrotic-like regions; a response previously characterized in fibroblasts31, but not reported before in PSCs.
The corresponding microstructures were characterized in 3D by the X-ray computerized tomography.
A considerable number of the genetic and molecular components related to understanding the photoperiodic control of flowering time have also been characterized in Arabidopsis6,7.
Mutations in phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3KCA) have been described in 8-40% of invasive breast carcinomas, and AKT1 mutations have been characterized in 1-8% of breast carcinomas.
These materials were imaged at over 1600 degrees Celcius while under stress so that the material failure sould be characterized in 3D on the micrometer length scale.
A mechanical rotating stress sensor fabricated in copper has been characterized in 100 nm single damascene technology.
PLA (NatureWorks 62011D, Nature Works LLC, MN, USA) and bioactive PLA composite fibers containing 20 wt % HA particles (nanopowder, <200 nm, Sigma-Aldrich Co, St . Louis MO, USA) were melt-spun into fibers as previously described and characterized in detail27.
