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All samples were characterized for surface uniformity and pattern aspect ratio using white light interferometry and optical microscope image analysis, and the coefficients of friction were measured for each surface/lubricant/pin system using a CETR scratch testing system.
The biosurfactants examined for the demulsification process were produced and characterized for surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC) and structure from purified extracts following the procedures described previously, as listed in Table 1.
The made COM/NC were characterized for surface topography and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal stability through thermal properties measurements by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), and luminescence spectroscopy.
Viable glioma cells were characterized for surface marker expression along the glial genesis hierarchy.
The OmpL36, OmpL37, OmpL47 and OmpL54 proteins met our transmembrane OMP prediction criteria and were further characterized for surface exposure and membrane affinity using multiple complementary experimental methods.
Formulations were characterized for surface morphology, porous nature, drug loading, in vitro drug release, and antimicrobial activity.
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The resulting coatings were characterized for solubility, surface energy, surface roughness and optical transmission.
The prepared microspheres were characterized for the surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release behavior, particle size, surface area, aerodynamic as well as powder flow properties.
The number of degrees of freedom (DOF) is characterized for the surface design by deriving and counting the developability constraints imposed on the surface control points.
Results: PDMS substrates were prepared using available commercial formulations and characterized for stiffness, surface properties and efficiency of cell attachment and proliferation.
The deposited films were characterized for microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties.
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