By using the Economic Sentiment Indicator and Autoregressive Markov Switching models, this paper provides an effective tool to identify and characterize expectations of business cycle phases for Germany, Spain, the Euro Area, and the European Union.
Understanding about patient preferences characterized through expectations and needs concerning therapeutic options is an important prerequisite to understand patient adherence.
Simulations will be necessary to characterize these expectations more fully.
The new KSS was developed in 2011 as a patient-derived outcome measure to better characterize satisfaction, expectations, and physical activities after total knee arthroplasty (Noble et al. 2012, Scuderi et al. 2012).
"The juvenile justice education programs that serve hundreds of thousands of students are characterized by low expectations, inadequate supports to address student needs, and ineffective instruction and technology," Steve Suitts, vice president of the Southern Education Foundation and author of the study, said in a press release.
A supportive, low-risk learning environment characterized by high expectations and limited personal consequences resulted in deeper cognitive processing activities.
Patients not returning to work after the interventions were characterized by negative expectations, perceptions about pain and disability, and previous physiotherapy treatment.
In contrast, a negative, high-risk environment characterized by high expectations and negative personal consequences resulted in surface cognitive processing strategies and low engagement e.g., no question asking.
The paper also introduces a LOS dependent ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOPLOS) measure that can serve as a metric to characterize the expectation of being able to successfully resolve the ambiguities.
In this sense, we can follow the approach presented in [24] to characterize the expectation as function of σ n 2, σ n 4, σ n 6 and σ n 8, depending on the value of i,i′,l,l′,k,k′,n,n′.
