Here, we review recent progress on modeling and characterizing early epidemic growth patterns from infectious disease outbreak data, and survey the types of mathematical formulations that are most useful for capturing a diversity of early epidemic growth profiles, ranging from sub-exponential to exponential growth dynamics.
To characterize early host responses, HLA-DR expression was examined on T cells to assess levels of activation after infection.
Apoptosis is generally characterized by early expression of Phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation & DNA fragmentation, and thus detecting the appearance of PS on the outer cell membrane is a sensitive means to confirm the apoptotic mode of cell death.
While the initial Soviet response to Fall Blau was to maintain an orderly withdrawal and thus avoid the massive encirclements and troop losses that had characterized the early months of Operation Barbarossa, on July 28 Stalin issued Order No. 227, decreeing that the defenders at Stalingrad would take "Not One Step Back".
These phenomena may lead to non-Fickian dispersion characterized by early tracer arrival time, late-time tailing on the breakthrough curves and potential scale effect on transport processes.
The disease is characterized by early coronary vascular disease, strokes, and fatty deposits on the tendons.
The knowingness and the name-dropping that characterized the early issues disappeared.
Owen has characterized those early years as "rough".
Have I betrayed the ferocity of inquiry that characterized my early twenties queer revolution?
Even so, now that computers have made it possible to create smooth, fluid animation for a reasonable cost, the Japanese films hang on to the jerky, discontinuous movements that characterized the earliest work in the field.
