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Our data show that many genes encoding predicted and already characterized defense proteins are differentially expressed in these tissues.
Glucosinolates, for example, are well characterized defense compounds of cruciferous plants that are hydrolyzed by specific thioglucosidases called myrosinases.
In grapevine, the most frequent and best characterized defense reactions to fungal infection are the accumulation of phytoalexins and pathogen-related PR proteins.
The best characterized defense signaling pathway related to this class of R proteins involves the biosynthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, accompanied typically by a hypersensitive reaction (HR) [ 63].
In this study, we built on deep molecular ecological knowledge of N. attenuata to demonstrate that all four postulates for genes controlling a suite of ecologically characterized defense traits (Kessler and Baldwin, 2001; Kessler et al., 2004; Allmann and Baldwin, 2010; Schuman et al., 2012).
The self-nonself discrimination principle is employed, in particular, by the restriction-modification (RM) systems, which are probably the best characterized defense systems in prokaryotes, to a large extent, because restriction endonucleases are essential experimental tools of molecular biology [ 8- 10].
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Guilt by association? That's ridiculous," DiLorenzo said in closing arguments, characterizing defense claims that Abu Khattala was merely a bystander.
In order to characterize defense response signalling components in grapevine, we identified two homologs of AtNPR1 in Vitis vinifera cv Chardonnay.
As part of a conifer genomics program to characterize defense against insects and adaptation to local environments, and to discover genes for the production of biomaterials, we developed 20 standard, normalized or full-length enriched cDNA libraries from Sitka spruce (P. sitchensis), white spruce (P. glauca), and interior spruce (P. glauca-engelmannii complex).
He characterized the defense's argument that Mr. Rajaratnam traded only on news articles and analyst reports as "absurd" and "ridiculous".
The first two quarters of the game were characterized by defense and penalties that stifled both teams' offenses.
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