Historical approaches are characterized by research to determine the path of events that led to biology on Earth (and elsewhere, to the degree that such studies are generalizable).
This is gradually replaced by a participatory mode; the new system is characterized by research networks, agenda defined in an application context, research aimed at problem-solving, transdisciplinary focus, assessment of academic merit and social relevance [ 3].
Another productive tradition of feminist research in this appropriative spirit is characterized by "remedial" research designed to fill lacunae in established theories or bodies of knowledge, correcting errors that arise from ignoring women and gender without changing the terms of disciplinary engagement.
Scientific journals and three independent American scientists have raised questions about the validity of Dr. Chandra's findings, saying the study, published in September 2001 in the journal Nutrition, has statistical irregularities and inconsistencies, and is characterized by improbable research methods.
clavipes spider has been characterized by one research group to be 151 416 W m−1 K−1 and 6.4 12.3 × 10−5 m2 s−1, respectively, for samples with low to high strains (zero to 19.7%).
Today manufacturing in Brussels has a substantially leaner profile, represented by some remaining heavy industry machine parts and automobile manufacture as well as industries characterized by intensive research and development, such as pharmaceuticals, chemical products, and electronics.
Mr. Unsworth's books, characterized by prodigious research and propulsive narrative force, have long been renowned in Britain and have gained a broad international following in the last few decades.
The ontology for operational approaches used in the vulnerability assessment is characterized by the "research design" class: we distinguish between longitudinal, cross-sectional case studies and assessments, which have a strong focus on defining indicators that measure vulnerability.
Such changes for H+ efflux was well characterized by other research reports which used using molecular and biochemical approaches involving H+-ATPase enzymatic activity measurements to establish a relation with HA bioactivity in plants [2,3,7,15,17].
The UP-CNTs and P-CNTs used were previously characterized by our research group [ 4].
Neglected tropical infectious diseases as well as rare diseases are characterized by structural research and development (R&D) deficits.
