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First, the global pattern of NPP was characterized by data collected during the International Biological Program (1964 1974).
HCA is the general designation of methods for grouping samples characterized by data vectors or matrices, eventually forming clusters.
Impulse radio UWB (IR-UWB) is one potential candidate for implementing UWB systems, characterized by data transmission using trains of nanosecond level pulses in a discontinuous way.
However, in other important problem areas the emergence of information technology has transformed the situation from one characterized by little data to one characterized by data overabundance.
A Grid session may be seen as a succession of parallel TCP/IP flows characterized by data transfers with much larger volume than usual TCP/IP flows.
Natural disaster risk assessments for events impacting large-scale, critical infrastructure systems such as electric power distribution systems, transportation systems, water supply systems, and natural gas supply systems are important examples of problems characterized by data overabundance.
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Because of time, cost or safety restrictions, multi-sensor measurement results are commonly of poor information characterized by small data samples and an unknown data distribution.
Traditional machine learning is characterized by training data and testing data having the same input feature space and the same data distribution.
We assume one-column data vector d obs characterized by Gaussian data errors with covariance matrix C D (will be discussed in the next section).
This chapter discusses a special class of belief networks that are often appropriate for reasoning in domains characterized by historical data, and show how the data can be used to directly guide the reasoning process.
Thus, the corresponding information networks are characterized by heterogeneous data structures leading to drawbacks considering information retrieval, identification of interdisciplinary dependencies and creation of generalized design solutions.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com