For the optimization, the ZnO NRA-based PDs were prepared and characterized by changing the growth condition of ZnO nanorods and the W ch. For 15 μm of W ch, the ZnO NRAs grown at 25 mM exhibited a relatively high photocurrent on-off ratio of 37.4 in typical transient characteristics.
Two different sized nanoswimmers' motion is characterized by changing the temperature of H2O2 solution, revealing that O2 bubbles are generated and detached from the surface of Pt, and the nanoswimmers can autonomously propel forward in either a linear or a circular way.
These years were characterized by changing coalitions among the main kingdoms Mari, Ashur, Eshnunna, Babylon, and Larsa.
Analysis of the chronological development of the decision-making process by the organizations involved in afforestation identifies five stages characterized by changing goals and a change in the character of the forest created.
V for 'volatility' describes the increased dynamics in many fields characterized by "changing directions of change", by a high frequency of ups and downs, by more rapid disruptions of trends.
Changes across lags in the strength of the attentional blink were characterized by changing proportions of 'seen' and 'not seen' ratings at both ends of the subjective visibility scale.
Especially in the sector for long-term care, being characterized by changing client demands, it is crucial that the modular package can be reconfigured continuously to be appropriate to expressed or implied needs.
In this paper, a previously proposed model-based framework and methodology for multi-disciplinary design optimization of haptic devices is further developed to enable situated design scenarios, i.e. design cases that may be characterized by changing requirements, constraints, and/or performance objectives, driven by the knowledge gained in the design and optimization process itself.
The period leading up to closure of the isthmus during the late Miocene to late Pliocene was characterized by changing global oceanographic circulation patterns, leading to drastic environmental, ecological, and taxonomic shifts within the Caribbean basin.
But, as Wink acknowledges, the interactive television field is new and characterized by changing technology and an absence of standards.
As in grassroots innovation, catalytic innovations have a social claim, but that claim is characterized by changing existing business patterns into 'scalable, sustainable, system-changing solutions' (Christensen 2006, p. 96) for people at the BoP by using frugal approaches.
