The key novelty is the penalization of small disparities, which characterizes background blocks.
It characterizes background motions between two consecutive frames by a homography matrix, which can be calculated by finding similarities between two consecutive frames using SURF [40] and optical flow-based feature matching.
After publication of Pyron et al., MaxEnt developer Phillips [58] suggested the pool of museum specimen collection sites where the focal species was not collected (non-collection sites, a technique known also as "target-group background" [38]) be used to characterize background with MaxEnt.
Trends identified through hazard surveillance are also important for characterizing background and changes in environmental contamination.
Observations from the nearest monitor, which are often used to characterize background air pollution, can be missing during a wildfire episode, sometimes due to the fire itself.
Some monitors should be located in relatively pristine areas away from livestock operations in order to characterize background levels in rural areas.
Maronpot et al. (2004) noted the need for lifetime studies to characterize background or spontaneous tumor patterns and life spans (including those of the background strain) for these models.
Because the experimental conditions we used to characterize background transposition were specifically designed to match those of in vivo SB mutagenesis screens, our results are particularly relevant to the functional interpretation of insertion site data from such screens.
Details regarding measurement methods, imputations for filling in missing data, and previous work using these monitors to characterize background air pollution levels have been reported previously (Dionisio et al. 2013; Metzger et al. 2004; Tolbert et al. 2000).
