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We used standard leaching tests to characterize hazard potential and USEtox® to project impacts on human health and ecosystem.
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To characterize hazards for children, juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes are exposed po to SEM from PND 23 to PND 60 at dose levels of 0 (vehicle only – distilled water), 40, 75 and 140 mg/kg bw day.
Furthermore, the REACH process has triggered extensive discussions about what types of testing and how much testing are indeed necessary to characterize hazards and, even more important, to ultimately make science-based risk decisions.
Using computational tools, research groups are already beginning to use these data to characterize chemical hazard and risk (e.g., Sedykh et al. 2011; Sirenko et al. 2014; Wetmore et al. 2013).
Microzonation maps use local geological conditions to characterize seismic hazard, but do not generally consider topography.
The tool can be used to rank the alternative chemical synthesis routes by their health properties as well as characterize the hazard level of single process.
Fig. 1 shows a visualization of the Cybershake scientific workflow, which is used by the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) to characterize earthquake hazards using the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) technique.
After focusing on seismic hazards in the Mid-America region, the center has expanded its focus to create a Multi-hazard Approach to Engineering by conducting interdisciplinary research to characterize different hazards and estimate damage and vulnerability across regional and national networks.
Such data are critical to adequately characterize microbial hazards.
The use of surrogate animals to characterize microbial hazards and establish dose-response relations provides a means for eliminating a number of the limitations of human-volunteer studies while still maintaining the use of intact animals to examine disease processes.
The U.S. EPA ToxCast (Judson et al. 2010) and the interagency Tox21 (Tice et al. 2013) programs seek to address this by identifying suites of high-throughput tests to accurately characterize chemical hazards.
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