Ultimately, as noted by the NRC (1994, 2009), a probabilistic framework will provide a substantially more complete quantitative characterization of hazard.
Other methods rely upon hazard assessments like identification and characterization of known hazards.
Although some implementation challenges remain, this unified probabilistic framework can provide substantially more complete and transparent characterization of chemical hazards and support better-informed risk management decisions.
An understanding of the multiple attributes, contributing factors, and processes is required to conduct a comprehensive characterization of the hazards associated with bedrock mass movements.
It involves a characterization of SCN hazards in terms of multihazards, vulnerability sources and exposure levels; the estimation of incident arrival, intensity and duration processes; and the assessment of SCN hit consequences in terms of damage and time to recovery.
Many regulatory frameworks, e.g. related to the Transport of Dangerous Goods, the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of chemicals (REACH) or the Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP), require the characterization of the hazards of chemicals, which could be complex.
However, without further characterization, they do not allow source identification, which is crucial for remediation of the cause, verification of remediatory measures, and characterization of the hazards potentially caused by fecal pollution.
Stakeholders are interested not only in the characterization of pesticide hazards, exposures, and poisonings but also in learning more about whether pesticide exposures are associated with Parkinson disease, neurologic disorders, development disabilities, and respiratory health.
Efforts to study additional predictor variables, such as population mobility during the day (exposure-related) and physical characterization of the hazard that use ground-motion parameters, are necessary in further research.
Recent losses provide sobering evidence of the continued need for more effective tools to support hurricane risk assessment and mitigation that can leverage the latest developments both in the characterization of the hazard and its impacts on built environments.
