To ensure characterization of the appropriate epigenetic context, we used the apoptotic end point of PARP cleavage to identify tolerated and toxic exposures of As2O3 in both cell lines.
We identify a flaw in the characterization of the appropriate "null" probesets described in Choe et al. and we provide a corrected analysis which reduces (but does not eliminate) the intensity dependent effects.
The need for definitive characterization through utilization of appropriate methodology derived from cross-fertilization of related disciplines is stressed.
While new materials with tailored properties appear every day, the need of appropriate characterization tools is still an important concern.
The major challenges are: reproducible manufacturing and scale-up, availability of appropriate characterization methods, instability under in vivo environments, safety issues, poor understanding of the disease heterogeneity and patient preselection strategies, regulatory barriers and inadequate understanding of the biophysical and chemical interactions of nanoformulations.
Subtypes were annotated by applying single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ss-GSEA) (Verhaak et al, 2010) with literature-curated gene signatures for epithelial, mesenchymal and stem cells (Supporting Information Text), and confirmed this characterization with the use of appropriate markers.
Initial characterization provided the expected results of appropriate replacement of mouse with human IL-13 and a WT-approximate phenotype in the OSAC model of AHR, eosinophilia, airflow limitation and human (not mouse) BAL IL-13.
Without an adequate characterization of water quality problems, appropriate solutions cannot be identified and implemented.
