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Therefore, channel characterization methods that do not depend on the carrier frequency to obtain the measure of frequency dispersion in wideband channels are much desired.
This review summarizes the types of substrata and characterization methods that have been used to investigate substrate mechanics effects on cell behavior.
In this second part of a two-part study, details regarding quantitative characterization methods that have been used to examine the SOFC anode microstructure are reported.
Furthermore, the inadequacy of the Doppler shift operator to properly account for the frequency shift in wideband channel implies that the time-frequency characterization methods that employ the Doppler shift operator are not appropriate for most wideband channels.
A critical challenge confronting the commercial utilization of supercritical geothermal systems is the need for drilling systems, well completion methods, power plants, logging tools, and characterization methods that can withstand high temperatures and aggressive fluids.
Unfortunately, nanostructures with diameters of 50 500 nm do not readily penetrate the cell membrane, and rationally optimizing nanoprobes for cell penetration requires real-time characterization methods that are capable of following the process of membrane penetration with nanometer resolution.
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Then, a second characterization method that does not rely on a strain-gauge sensor is introduced.
The nonlinear, anisotropic and inhomogeneous mechanical behavior of heart valve tissue necessitates a mechanical characterization method that is capable of dealing with these complexities.
In this context, the authors recently presented a full characterization method that is simple to implement and is able to obtain accurate results.
To address this issue, we introduced a novel AD characterization method that considers the impacts of local data density, as well as precision and robustness of predictions across the chemical space.
Paulson and co-workers have reported a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS -based characterization method that converts the sulfate monoester into the correspondinGC-MS -based sulfate diesters, which are stable under temperature proGC-MS -basedonditions [17].
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