For example, a simple and popular channel normalization method, CMN, removes both the transmission characteristics and speaker characteristics, leading to differences in the speaker recognition and speech recognition performance.
Also, because of its novel electrical characteristics, the speaker could cause some amplifiers to become unstable and could result in damage to either or both.
When speakers were asked to grade various objects on a range of characteristics, Spanish speakers deemed bridges, clocks and violins to have more "manly properties" like strength, but Germans tended to think of them as more slender or elegant.
We describe here the control, shape and appearance models that are built using an original photogrammetric method to capture characteristics of speaker-specific facial articulation, anatomy, and texture.
It is commonly believed that the mean vectors of GMMs represent the most characteristics of speakers [1], which are obtained by using the maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation.
The second and third of these intended outcomes, but not the first or fourth, involve self-referring intentions that are characteristic of speaker's meaning: success in what is intended requires recognition of that intention by an intended audience.
Speaker characteristics are listed in Table 5. Speakers 31 and 37 were children and did not conduct an intelligibility test.
In this framework, it is possible to exploit the data from different languages to predict speaker-specific characteristics of the target speaker, and consequently, the data sparsity problem will be alleviated.
"There has been a drift in the queen's accent towards one that is characteristic of speakers who are younger and/or lower in the social hierarchy," the researchers reported this week in the magazine Nature.
A learning approach can account for these findings, since it suggests that, through experience, listeners acquire the ability to normalize auditory input for speaker characteristics, be it LTAS or learned gender characteristics.
