We use 'forward' and 'backward' to describe the characteristics of projections, which can be laminar, topographic or physiological.
Shipp (2005) performed a literature analysis of the laminar characteristics of projections in the motor system, motivated by the "paradoxical" placement of area 4 (primary motor cortex) below area 6 (premotor cortex) and the supplementary motor area in the Felleman and Van Essen (1991) hierarchy (Fig. 4a).
All neurons displayed low spontaneous firing rates (<3 Hz), which is characteristic of projection neurons [29], [30], [31], [32].
However, the characteristics of model projections for marine species from these different approaches have rarely been compared.
The two statistical models, the digital elevation model and the refined land uplift model, were used as inputs to a GIS-based toolbox where the characteristics of lake projections for the future Olkiluoto nuclear fuel repository site were estimated.
To analyze statistical characteristics of inconsistent projections, we calculated the probabilities of observing no neurons under several models.
The terminations of projections ascending the somatomotor hierarchy are intermediate in character (terminate in all layers) apart from those originating in the sensory areas of parietal cortex, which have the characteristics of forward projections.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02397.019 Following implantation of a 64-site silicon probe array with integrated optical fiber into the SN of Gad2-ChR2 mice, we observed single units with narrow waveforms and high baseline firing rates characteristic of SNr projection neurons.
Thus, in this paper, the structural damage identification analyses for the unit-linked floating model are carried out by using the parametric projection filter as "the third filter", and the notable characteristics of the parametric projection filter are made clear through the inverse analyses.
FJLT shares the low distortion characteristics of a random projection, but requires much lower computational complexity.
