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This paper examines how tangible and adaptable characteristics of papers vary between different rating categories of journals and what the drivers of publication in journals at the top of rankings are.
Poor material quality and/or endogenous cellulose degradation as in modern papers from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as well as cellulose damage by biodeterioration reduce the strength characteristics of papers and worsen mechanical damage when using those papers.
Using HistCite, we identified numbers of scientific publications for countries and institutions, characteristics of papers that attract more or fewer citations, and the flow of citations between different scientific publications.
The data extraction questions are shown in Additional file 3: Figure S2, the summarised and individual characteristics of papers in Additional file 4: Table S2 and Additional file 5: Table S3 respectively and details of each paper's analytic reporting in Additional file 6: Table S4.
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But the digital images share so many of the characteristics of paper, its makers say, that they are easily viewed in bright sunlight but must be lighted much like conventional billboards when there is little light.
The characteristics of paper surface play a central role in the overall quality of paper produced in modern paper machines.
Suitable physical characteristics of paper sheets (tensile index, burst and tear index) and acceptable yield pulping and brightness could be obtained by operating at medium temperature, active alkali concentration, pulping time, ethanol concentration and wash-disintegrate temperature.
Other characteristics of printing papers are the speed (slower for contact papers, faster for enlarging papers), image colour (blue-black to warm brown), surface texture (glossy, velvet, mat), and base thickness (single or double weight).
The study characteristics of included papers and the list of excluded papers after full-text screening with reasons for exclusion are reported in the supplements (Table S1 and Table S2, respectively).
But this "e-placard" lacked a vital characteristic of paper: it couldn't bend, because the capsules needed to be addressed by a rigid circuit board.
For example, the sophistication with which students discussed the course's scientific material (SCI) increased from paper 1 to paper 2 to paper 3; this is illustrated in Table 2 through discussion of the characteristics of three papers written by a single student.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com