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The paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the process in terms of organization, rules and practices, with an emphasis on the characteristics of freight traffic compared with passenger traffic.
In fact, depending on the characteristics of freight demand it is possible to have different vehicle type models and then different average transported quantities by each type of vehicle.
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Within the wide range of road freight surveys, the characteristics of roadside freight surveys are particularly interesting.
Surveys allowed us to have some information on the current and reverse journey in terms of origin and destination, characteristics of transported freight (e.g. type, quantity and so on), used vehicles (e.g. model, swept volume, tow presence, and so on), number of drivers, driver characteristics (e.g. age, sex, and so on) and some route characteristics such as the use of highways or otherwise.
Each trade area has its own characteristics of commodity type, quantity and freight of cargo, service cost, and sailing distance.
Overall the results from this paper offer for the first time a definitive study on the influence of container loading configuration on the characteristics of aerodynamic loads subjected to a container freight train travelling through a crosswind.
Currently, energetic and environmental impacts of freight transportation are usually modelled following average data, which do not reflect the characteristics of specific lines.
An effective integration of freight and passenger services faces difficulties (e.g. due to differing operational characteristics, such as speeds, acceleration) that can be overcome by technical and operational innovations that allow freight services to operate at similar performance levels to passenger services.
Cross-subsidy of freight.
Rail lines connect all major cities for movement of freight.
Phosphates represent the great bulk of freight carried by rail.
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