It is also important to measure key features influenced by each pretreatment to determine if enzymatic digestion can be related to any common characteristics, especially at the low enzyme loadings needed to be commercially viable [ 35].
In forest inventories, various sampling techniques, also known as sampling designs, are used for the collection of the necessary information, which will provide precise sample estimates of the tree population characteristics at a low cost.
The transport characteristics are controlled by SCLC at the low bias region and F-N tunneling at higher bias regions for all the devices.
The work function changed dramatically as the aniline concentration increased, indicating that the aniline on the GOx surface conveyed n-type doping characteristics at a low coverage level.
Taking low permeability cores of Daqing oilfield for example, the flow characteristics at low velocity were studied by using the self-designed micro-flux measuring instrument.
Figure 5a shows bipolar resistive switching characteristics at a low CC of 500 μA for the Al/Cu/Al2O3/TiN CBRAM devices.
Early VLF events observed on signals from four VLF transmitters (NWC, NPM, VTX, NLK) using SoftPAL from November 2006 to January 2007, were analysed to study their occurrence and scattering characteristics, at a low latitude station Suva, Fiji, in the South Pacific Region.
This stepping noise, which is proportional to the step size, has distinct spectral characteristics at low frequencies compared to the approximately Gaussian noise of the magnetic bead fluctuations (Charvin et al, 2002; Neuman et al, 2005).
The nonlinear behaviour of current voltage characteristics at low threshold (<0.10 V/μm), and the second ohmic region in the strong DC electric field (>0.10 V/μm) can be explained by the heating effect [18].
