Sentence examples for characteristics as proxy from inspiring English sources

Hispanic groups were further stratified by socioeconomic status, using neighborhood characteristics as proxy measures.

The association did not change after additional adjustment for characteristics as proxy for intrauterine exposures or breast cancer risk factors (P for trend=0.76).

Particularly in the absence of reliable information on ability as well as if costs to overcome imperfect ability assessments are high, firms may be assumed to take diverse individual characteristics as proxies for ability.

These results are robust to the inclusion of different sets of explanatory variables that account for socio-demographic and economic characteristics, as well as for proxies of the supply side of the health sector in Ghana.

The results are robust with regard to the inclusion of different sets of explanatory variables that account for socio-demographic and economic characteristics, as well as the proxies of the supply side.

Due to the multidimensional behavior of the firm characteristics used as proxy variables for the hedging hypotheses, primary studies on corporate hedging usually test their hypotheses through multivariate analyses.

Rather than measuring health needs directly, demographic characteristics are frequently used as proxy measures, drawing on easily classifiable population features positively correlated with cost to infer the expected annual expenditure of individuals.

The most important factors for defining salmon ESUs are genetic structure at neutral markers (indicative of reproductive isolation) and life history traits and habitat characteristics (both used as proxies for adaptive differences).

Several studies show breast cancer risk to increase with characteristics that can be considered as proxy of early-life events, such as higher paternal and maternal age (Xue et al, 2007).

The household level characteristics that could have some merit as proxy indicators are household heads with secondary or higher education and the percentage of households living in urban areas.

At the household level, some of the characteristics we modelled are not particularly well suited to act as proxy indicators of financial hardship, such as household expenditure quintiles.