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The hysteresis characteristic of draft gear means the dissimilarity between its loading and unloading curve.
According to coupler structures, the CRH2 series EMUs are divided into type A, while CRH1, CRH3 and CRH5 series EMUs into type B. The look-up table approach is utilized to model the nonlinear hysteresis characteristic of draft gear [12].
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The radiant air conditioning system, possessing the characteristics of draft less and small temperature gradients in the occupied zone, is becoming increasingly attractive in recent years, due to its advantage of providing more comfortable indoor environment with low energy consumption against the conventional convective air conditioning system.
Open image in new window Fig. 3 Characteristic curve of draft gear.
The hysteresis characteristic of the draft gear unit can be expressed by a force displacement curve.
The vibration characteristics of the draft pad and the draft gear for the first 15 modes have been determined using finite element method.
It is the characteristic feature of a draft that it is not limited to the three-cornered relationship among drawer, drawee, and the named or unnamed creditor.
Multi-towers are widely introduced to the natural draft dry cooling system in power plants, and the geometrical layout of dry-cooling towers is a key issue to the thermo-flow characteristics of natural draft dry cooling system.
The results show that the impacts of tower spacing on thermo-flow characteristics of natural draft dry cooling system depend on the wind speed and the arrangement of towers.
The characteristic curve of force deflection relations of draft gears is given in Fig. 8a.
Commend strong passages, point out inconsistencies, transparencies characteristic of an undergrad first draft, which, after all, the story is.
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