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The flapping of the wings of a bird in flight produces a characteristic modulation that can be used to recognize that a bird is present or even to distinguish one type of bird from another.
It does so by detecting beam induced signals at 4.8 GHz, and extracting the characteristic modulation caused by incoherent motion of particles within a bunch.
Based on the observation that speech has a characteristic modulation spectrum [1], a modulation-based noise reduction should detect speech by its modulation [2], which is the fluctuation of a subband signal's envelope over time.
Hughes comments that harmonic contrast in the Savoy works is enhanced by Sullivan's characteristic modulation between keys, as in "Expressive glances" (Princess Ida), where he smoothly negotiates E major, C sharp minor and C major, or "Then one of us will be a queen" (The Gondoliers), where he writes in F major, D flat major and D minor.
Of note, this network has peculiar functions within the loop associated with characteristic modulation effects.
In addition to enabling signal recovery through background reduction, each dye exhibits a characteristic modulation frequency indicative of its photophysical dynamics.
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But there was not much new here: Mr. Glass's signature fluttering arpeggiation was plentiful, as were his characteristic modulations from major to minor, with their abidingly melancholy undercurrents.
This value depends on the receiver's characteristics, modulation, and coding scheme, among others [32].
Another important characteristic, the modulation spectrum of speech, represents low temporal modulation components and is important for speech intelligibility[16, 17].
The temporal structure of speech is dominated by a characteristic energy modulation peak at about 4 Hz [44].
In the absence of Ca++ at a buffered pH above 6.7, oscillations were rapidly halted by 310 µg/ml of protamine though fluorescence patterns of some bacteria appeared frozen in time retaining the characteristic spatial modulation with a wavelength of about 8 microns [3].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com