The hypothesis of this work is that due to characteristic land use and land cover change dynamics in the Amazon forest, forest areas likely to be burned can be separated from other land targets.
In order to include these changes into REMO, all characteristic land surface parameters (i.e. leaf area index and fractional vegetation cover for the growing and dormancy season, background albedo, surface roughness length due to vegetation, forest ratio, plant-available soil water holding capacity and volumetric wilting point) have been recalculated and reaggregated for all model grid cells.
Among the physical characteristics, land use and slope significantly (p < 0.05) affected particle size distribution and plant available water content.
The role of these dimensions is at least as important as farms' structural characteristics (land area and farming system).
Here we evaluate the response of small mammals to environmental variables, including vegetation characteristics, land use and geographic position.
Field observations focused on bio-physical characteristics, land degradation, flood affected areas, water resources and vegetation cover and land management practices.
SSY variability could be explained for 67% by catchment characteristics such as drainage area, soil characteristics, land cover, average catchment slope, and annual rainfall.
Physico-chemical variables, landscape data (morphological characteristics, land use, and lateral connection type of water bodies) using GIS resources and field data were analyzed with Generalized Additive Models (GAM).
MNL and ORL models are developed to model the impact of various factors which include vehicle driver characteristics, environmental factors, railroad crossing characteristics, highway characteristics, land use type, and more, using the same dataset.
Considering the chemical characteristics, land use significantly affected soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), exchangeable magnesium (Mg2+), potassium (K+), percent base saturation (PBS), and available micro nutrients iron (Fe2+), manganese (Mn2+) and zinc (Zn2+).
It highlights a number of important considerations in designing PES schemes such as household characteristics, land tenure arrangements, incentive structure, equity and gender issues, and the challenges involved in balancing environmental, economic and poverty reduction goals.
