The kappa coefficients were assessed according to the convention suggested by Landis and Koch, who characterise values <0 as an indication of having no agreement, 0 0.20 as having poor agreement, 0.21 0.40 as having fair agreement, 0.41 0.60 as having moderate agreement, 0.61 0.80 as having substantial agreement, and 0.81 1.0 as having excellent agreement [ 39].
The group of unstable populations (with large absolute PC2 values) characterised by large values for heights (PC1 values) contains populations 52692, 50258 and 6429, while the unstable group with low values comprises of populations 33257, 5821 and 33259 (Fig. 5).
As can be seen from the figure, the analysed time series are characterised by values of the local Hurst exponent both less than and greater than 0.5.
Indeed, at mid high latitudes during the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm ({mathcal {H}}) values are slightly greater than or less than 0.5 in the morning side, while in the evening one they are always characterised by values greater than 0.5.
The second group is composed by countries characterised by values ranging from 15 to 49 %: Latvia 21 %, Greece 26.5 %, Malta 38.5 %, Poland 44 % and Switzerland 46%%.
Although the risks associated with GDM are well recognised, the impact on maternal and infant health outcomes is less clear for borderline gestational diabetes mellitus (BGDM), which is characterised by values of glucose tolerance intermediate between normal and gestational diabetes.
Considering enhancement indexes for NSIDIFF and NSINORM.DIFF, MCs I were characterised by positive values, while MCs II presented mostly negative values for NSINORM.DIFF (7 of 34 for SV and for OV were higher than zero) and were more scattered for NSIDIFF (9 ROIs report values higher than zero in SV, 14 for OV).
In line with the naive observations of Figure 6, we used a simple k-means clustering ((k=2)) to single out the two emerging clusters: one containing countries characterised by low values of both ratios, the second containing those with large values of (r_{0}) and varying values of (r_{1}).
As shown in Table 1, mass spectrometry signals responsible for differentiation were characterised by the values of the VIPs (where a VIP value of >1 is regarded as significant) from the PLS-DA analysis [4].
