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The materials were characterised using a combination of powder XRD, BET surface area measurement, laser Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
The interactions between the polyanionic ligands phosphate and sulphate and the type II dehydroquinases from Streptomyces coelicolor and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been characterised using a combination of structural and kinetic methods.
The deposited thin films have been characterised using a combination of diffraction and microscopy techniques.
Stable intermediates of the catalytic cycle were characterised, using a combination of XANES, EXAFS and UV/Vis spectroscopy, in step-wise fashion using [Cu μ2-OH)(TMEDA)]2Cl2 (12) as catalyst (Scheme 4).
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The nanowire growth is characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The microstructure was characterised using a Nikon Eclipse 80i epifluorescence microscope.
The level of agreement was characterised using a qualitative scale.
Four different commercial brands along with eleven fruit juice varieties were characterised using the e-Nose and the e-Tongue as individual techniques, followed by a combination of the two together.
To gain a better understanding of how schistosomes initiate a primary host immune response we have characterised the host lung response to migrating Schistosoma japonicum schistosomula using a combination of histopathology, microarray analysis and real-time PCR.
Using a combination of HSC markers, these authors had previously characterised a functional hierarchy, which includes 'leukaemia stem cells' (LSCs; Lin– Sca+), progenitors (Lin– Sca–) and bulk populations (Lin+).
This study has characterised and compared FMDVs that have recently infected buffalo and cattle in Kenya using a combination of assays.
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