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The GFP fluorescence intensity from both vegetative cells and spores was measured and compared to a previously characterised surface display system using a peptidoglycan hydrolase anchor (Mbg).
The presentation of antigens through surface display or secretion by L. lactis in numerous studies utilises the well understood and characterised surface binding protein domain such as transmembrane domains, lysin motif (LysM) and LPXTG motifs [ 9, 10].
Polyacrylamide gels of characterised surface stiffness, covalently bonded to glass substrates, have been used to allow the mouse embryo culture in well plates and petridishes, and simultaneous time-lapse confocal imaging.
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Thus, measuring and characterising surface properties represents one of the most important aspects in manufacturing processes.
Electrochemical, acoustic and imaging techniques are used to characterise surface cleaning with particular emphasis on the understanding of the key phenomena relevant to surface cleaning.
A new test rig for thermal fatigue testing was used to investigate and characterise surface layer degradation of indefinite chill double pour (ICDP) cast iron hot work roller.
In this work, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to examine surface topography while time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS) was used to characterise surface chemistry changes.
These results demonstrated the plausible use of TERS to characterise surface amino acid composition and protein secondary structure to understand the mechanisms of fibril growth and propagation that hold the keys to prevent or slow down the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases.
Differential geometry is a standard tool to characterise surface shape in general.
We have analysed spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to characterise surface changes associated with the Nabro eruption.
Due to the restricted availability of specific antibodies against the extracellular domain of GMRα, we coupled the mouse GM-CSF to the Fc fragment derived from human IgG (GM-Fc) to characterise surface expression of the mouse GMRα on distinct leucocyte populations.
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