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This is a well characterised model which shares important properties with freshly isolated human villous cytotrophoblasts, most significantly the ability to fuse and form large multinucleated syncytia [29].
Developing NGF-dependent sympathetic neurons are a very well characterised model of neuronal apoptosis.
We chose a well characterised model system in vitro in which cellular machinery is adapted for ER-nonmediated transcription of genes (MDA-MB-231 cells), and oestrogen-responsiveness is restored by introduction of the ER gene into cells.
As with D. magna, zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a well characterised model species, especially in the fields of molecular genetics and developmental biology (Kimmel et al., 1995; Langheinrich, 2003).
In addition, it is a well characterised model, having been used to study skeletal muscle regeneration in a number of contexts including pathogenesis of the dystrophinopathies, angiogenesis, exercise and pharmacodynamics (Grounds et al., 2005; Morgan et al., 1989; Roberts and McGeachie, 1990; Roberts and McGeachie, 1992a; Roberts and McGeachie, 1992b; Roberts and McGeachie, 1994).
In rodents and other mammals, sustained activation of the β-adrenergic system by chronic administration of iso is a classical and well characterised model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) independent of blood pressure [12].
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In contrast to eukaryotic mRNA, techniques to amplify bacterial RNA for use in microarray analyses have not been available until recently, and crucially have not been evaluated for M. tuberculosis in well characterised models in which differential gene expression is well described and validated.
The standardised determination coefficient of observed values against estimated values was used to characterise model performance; it varied between 0.55 and 0.82.
The best characterised models are those expressing the viral oncogene encoding the polyoma middle T antigen (MMTV-PyV MT) as paradigm of viral transforming potential, and that expressing ErbB2 (MMTV-Neu) [ 95, 96].
The bleomycin model has become the most widely used and characterised animal model of pulmonary fibrosis to investigate IPF and typically involves an intratracheal administration of a single dose of bleomycin to induce fibrosis in the lung parenchyma [ 4].
The glassy landscape contains competing low-lying minima separated by high barriers, providing a more extreme example of the frustration previously characterised for model proteins.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com