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On the other hand, to estimate MIMO frequency-selective or MIMO intersymbol interference (ISI) channels, training sequences are designed considering a few aspects.
However, this study also shows that the influence of these channels (training programs, institutional plans) to change providers' practices remains limited.
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In post-revolutionary Egypt, this has become a crude instrument of democracy: news channels train live cameras on major protests, so viewers can gauge the numbers.
"I want to be free," he told the room, a television camera from a Hungarian national news channel trained on his slight body.
It is worth mentioning that even if the relays do not have access to the perfect CSI of RD channels, they can still estimate these channels by training sequences and perform beamforming based on the estimated CSI [16].
Practical channel training aspects were considered by Cetiner in [20].
In this article, we adopt a similar channel training strategy.
The initial training interval is necessary when no prior channel training has been done.
A useful lower-bound on the channel training length is derived from an identifiability study.
We first study how much power should be allocated for channel training.
After sending their preambles, the nodes send channel training symbols in alternate symbol periods.
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