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First, local economic impact can be achieved only after a complex, temporally unfolding sequence of interactions between formal and informal channels of knowledge transfer.
Together, these and future projects will play an essential role in realizing the potential of the Columbia Global Centers to create new opportunities for faculty and students, and defining what it means for Columbia to explore new channels of knowledge in the 21st century.
Fig. 3 Formal and informal channels of knowledge transfer between university and industry.
A collection intent on worrying the boundaries between natural and unnatural, human and not, Unlikely Designs draws far-ranging source material from the back channels of knowledge making: the talk pages of Wikipedia, the personal writings of Charles Darwin, the love advice doled out by chatbots, and the eclectic inclusions on the Golden Record time capsule.
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This shows that informal contacts represent an important channel of knowledge diffusion.
The observed cross-level link represented by the inventor-assignee link can be, on the contrary, an important channel of knowledge exchange and spill-over effects mediated by the collaboration for patent.
Active promotion of relationship-building by organizations and/or program developers can support diversity of contacts and development of strong channels for knowledge transfer [ 48- 50].
Now, with the identification of dozens of ion channels, new knowledge of their biology, and a rapidly growing arsenal of chemical compounds to block them, the theory appears to be on the verge of leading to new drugs.
Understanding the widespread physiological functions of TRP channels requires knowledge of the general aspects of their regulation and modulation.
For both types of channel knowledge (channel statistics and limited feedback), this chapter discusses: (1) the design of precoders for dominant eigenmode transmission, (2) spatial multiplexing, and (3) O-STBC, using either ML or suboptimal detectors.
It was ever thus that personal contacts have channeled the flow of knowledge!
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com