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As the billet can be extruded repeatedly in successive passes, ECAE has the advantage of producing large cumulative strain without changing the cross section of the workpiece (Rebhi et al. 2009).
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The support flexibility is varied by changing the cross-section dimensions of the steel cables used with the flexible supports.
The aerodynamic modification of a building shape changing the cross-section with height through tapering, which alters the flow pattern around the building, could reduce wind-induced excitations of tall buildings.
The results of the first tests showed that the main sedimentation parameter is the flow velocity and to better control it a standard flat panel was modified changing the cross-section of the lower and top header of the panel, that have been tapered to keep constant the fluid axial velocity.
When repeating the experiments using oil as an efficient substitute for water, galloping oscillation was obtained implying that the source of instability is the presence of the rivulet at a certain position changing the cross-section of the cylinder into a non-symmetrical one.
It is also suggested that significant weight reduction of about 50% could be obtained by changing the solid cross section configuration to tubular configuration for shafts under pure torsion or when torque is the dominant load, while maintaining the same torque carrying capacity and fatigue life.
Altogether 94 computer runs were made by changing aspect ratio, condition of the loading and bending plane with respect to principal inertia axes of the cross section.
The cross section dimensions were: 100×70×2mm.
The product of the cross section and the atomic density of the target particle is called the macroscopic cross section.
Size enters only as a coefficient, changing the overall value of the cross-sections.
As the objective functional, we introduce the sum of squared error norms for achieving the desired displacements on specified members, and assume that each frame member varies in the off-axis direction with changing cross sections.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com