Similar(60)
Notably, even though the model and in vivo recordings of SS activity predicted the same direction of changes, the average values differed significantly from each other (p < 0.001).
Adding external noise would not change the average value but would quiet the fluctuations.
With permafrost-related emissions included, however, additional damages ranged from $3 trillion to $166 trillion, depending on how much human emissions warmed the Arctic, the team reports online today in Nature Climate Change; the average value was $43 trillion.
Our estimate of W z) was then used to predict how a given shift in mean SAH would change the average value of survival.
This change in proportion and not the modification of organisms themselves is what leads to changes in the average value of a particular trait in the population.
As a consequence, changes in the average value of some traits (e.g. flowering date) could be due to a change in the frequency of certain types of varieties (e.g. early varieties), instead of reflecting a phenotypic change in the variety per se.
Evolutionary trends represent directional changes in the average value of a given characteristic, such as body size (e.g., Alroy 1998) or some measure of complexity (e.g., number of cell types or differentiation of serially repeated limbs; Valentine et al. 1994; Adamowicz et al. 2008), among species and their descendants over prolonged periods of time.
We assumed that changes in the average value of the traits during the first four generations could result from either plastic responses (e.g. individual phenotypic plasticity, parental and grand-parental effects) or evolutionary responses to selection.
After dividing the data into two periods of 22 months before and 17 months after the Tohoku earthquake, we evaluated the change in the average value of coda Q between the two periods.
However, if many outliers are detected, then they may be considered a permanent change in the average value and are then allowed to influence the average as the bound increases to include them.
To second order accuracy, the rate of change of the average value of the (x^{1} -component of the magnetic field is begin{aligned} int_{x_{i-1} -component/2}} frac{dPhi}{dt},dx =& Delta V_{ijk} frac{d bar{B}^{x}}{dt} approf&frac{Delthex_{i}}{2} biggl( frac{dPhi}{dt} biggvert _{x_{i+1/2}} + frac{dPhi}{dt} biggvert _{x_{i-1/2}} biggr).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com